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Previously, we investigated its effects in an\n in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>\n model expressing human\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptors individually or simultaneously (\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Here, we expanded this cell model by expressing human\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptors individually or simultaneously (\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). Radioligand binding with tritium\u2010labelled diprenorphine confirmed the expression of\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptors. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry indicated that the expressed\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptors are\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010linked glycoproteins and colocalized in cytoplasmic compartments. Acute application of the opioid receptor agonists\u2014 U\u201069593,\n DAMGO<\/jats:styled-content>\n and nociceptin\u2014 inhibited adenylate cyclase (\n AC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) activity in cells expressing\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptors respectively. Buprenorphine, when applied acutely, inhibited\n AC<\/jats:styled-content>\n activity to ~90% in cells expressing\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptors. Chronic exposure to buprenorphine induced concentration\u2010dependent\n AC<\/jats:styled-content>\n superactivation in cells expressing\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptors, and the level of this superactivation was even higher in\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010expressing cells. Our study demonstrated that\n MOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptor could enhance\n AC<\/jats:styled-content>\n regulation in the presence of coexpressed\n KOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptors, and\n NOP<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptor is essential for concentration\u2010dependent\n AC<\/jats:styled-content>\n superactivation elicited by chronic buprenorphine exposure.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]],"date-time":"2015-07-08T04:57:08Z","timestamp":1436331428000},"page":"2587-2596","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Buprenorphine\u2010elicited alteration of adenylate cyclase activity in human embryonic kidney 293 cells coexpressing \u03ba\u2010, \u03bc\u2010opioid and nociceptin receptors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Pei\u2010Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuropsychiatric Center National Health 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Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2012.694598"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06958-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(95)02011-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/3474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)80235-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945007779315605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1681.1999.03049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19971006)386:4<562::AID-CNE4>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd897"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000245759.13997.9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Update 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