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The present ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study revealed the existence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>s and differentiate these cells from the peritubular cells (Pc) in contact with the surrounding structures in the testes. Firstly, our results confirmed the existence of two cell types surrounding seminiferous tubules; these were Pc (smooth muscle like characteristics) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>s (as an outer layer around Pc). Telocytes and their long thin prolongations called telopodes (Tps) were detected as alternations of thin segments (podomers) and thick bead\u2010like portions (podoms), the latter of which accommodate the mitochondria and vesicles. The spindle and irregularly shaped cell bodies were observed with small amounts of cytoplasm around them. In contrast, the processes of Pc contained abundant actin filaments with focal densities, irregular spine\u2010like outgrowths and nuclei that exhibited irregularities similar to those of smooth muscle cells. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>s connected with each other <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> homocellular and heterocellular junctions with Pc, Leydig cells and blood vessels. The Tps of the vascular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>s had bands and shed more vesicles than the other <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>s. Immunohistochemistry (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>34) revealed strong positive expression within the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content> cell bodies and Tps. Our data confirmed the existence and the contact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TC<\/jats:styled-content>s with their surroundings in the testes of the Chinese soft\u2010shelled turtle <jats:italic>Pelodiscus sinensis<\/jats:italic>, which may offer new insights for understanding the function of the testes and preventing and treating testicular disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,22]],"date-time":"2015-12-22T03:19:36Z","timestamp":1450754376000},"page":"2888-2899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Telocytes: novel interstitial cells present in the testis parenchyma of the Chinese soft\u2010shelled turtle <i>Pelodiscus sinensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Ministry of Agriculture College of Veterinary Medicine Nanjing Agricultural 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