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In this study, among 80 male Wistar rats, 15 rats were randomly selected as controls; the remaining 65 rats received a diet rich in fat and sugar content for 4\u00a0weeks, followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STZ<\/jats:styled-content>, 40\u00a0mg\/kg) to establish a diabetes model. Seven days after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STZ<\/jats:styled-content> injection, 10 rats were randomly selected as diabetic model (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content>) controls, 45 eligible diabetic rats were randomized to three treatment groups and administered ginsenoside Rg1 in a dosage of 10, 15 or 20\u00a0mg\/kg\/day, respectively. After 12\u00a0weeks of treatment, rats were killed and serum samples obtained to determine cardiac troponin (cTn)\u2010I. Myocardial tissues were harvested for morphological analysis to detect myocardial cell apoptosis, and to analyse protein expression of glucose\u2010regulated protein 78 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRP<\/jats:styled-content>78), C\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EBP<\/jats:styled-content> homologous protein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHOP<\/jats:styled-content>), and Caspase\u201012. Treatment with ginsenoside Rg1 (10\u201320\u00a0mg\/kg) significantly reduced serum cTnI levels compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DM<\/jats:styled-content> control group (all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01). Ginsenoside Rg1 (15 and 20\u00a0mg\/kg) significantly reduced the percentage of apoptotic myocardial cells and improved the parameters of cardiac function. Haematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining indicated that ginsenoside Rg1 could attenuate myocardial lesions and myocardial collagen volume fraction. Additionally, ginsenoside Rg1 significantly reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRP<\/jats:styled-content>78, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHOP<\/jats:styled-content>, and cleaved Caspase\u201012 protein expression in a dose\u2010dependent manner. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 appeared to ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content> stress\u2010induced apoptosis in diabetic rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]],"date-time":"2016-02-12T08:25:24Z","timestamp":1455265524000},"page":"623-631","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress\u2010induced apoptosis in a streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetes rat model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Haitao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinning","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suisheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.679597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000441139.02102.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2014.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-012-9313-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"953","article-title":"Electrical conduction system apoptosis in type II diabetes mellitus","volume":"54","author":"Hostiuc S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/CT:3:3:219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.34.9.876","article-title":"A functional and ultrastructural analysis of experimental diabetic rat myocardium. 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