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Immunohistochemical study and Western blot analysis were performed\u00a0to evaluate cells' apoptosis and to measure the effects of expression of specific mediators, such as<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB (nuclear factor kappa\u2010light\u2010chain\u2010enhancer of activated B cells), Bcl\u20102 (B\u2010cell lymphoma 2),<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMAC<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DIABLO<\/jats:styled-content>(second mitochondria\u2010derived activator of caspases\/direct<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IAP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010binding protein with low<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>) and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMAT<\/jats:styled-content>2 (vesicular monoamine transporter 2) on apoptosis. The results of the present study indicate that a long\u2010term administration of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ND<\/jats:styled-content>promotes oxidative injury in rat brain specific areas. A link between oxidative stress and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB signalling pathways is supported by our results. In addition to high levels of oxidative stress, we consistently observed a strong immunopositivity to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB. It has been argued that one of the pathways leading to the activation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB could be under reactive oxygen species (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010mediated control. In fact, growing evidence suggests that although in limited doses, endogenous<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>may play an activating role in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB signalling, while above a certain threshold, they may negatively impact upon this signalling. However, a mutual crosstalk between<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB exists and recent studies have shown that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>activity is subject to negative feedback regulation by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB, and that this negative regulation of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROS<\/jats:styled-content>is the means through which<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB counters programmed cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12748","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T16:59:09Z","timestamp":1454345949000},"page":"601-612","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Lipid peroxidation and apoptotic response in rat brain areas induced by long\u2010term administration of nandrolone: the mutual crosstalk between<scp>ROS<\/scp>and<scp>NF<\/scp>\u2010<scp>kB<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Turillazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Cerretani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience University of Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santina","family":"Cantatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia Foggia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Frati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Roma Italy"},{"name":"Neuromed Istituto Mediterraneo Neurologico (IRCCS) Pozzilli Isernia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Moltoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience University of Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco Paolo","family":"Busard\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences Sapienza University of Rome Roma 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