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We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of exogenous pulmonary surfactant administration in the prevention of post\u2010operative abdominal adhesions. Rats were randomly assigned to undergo laparotomy (L) or gastroenterostomy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content>) and then treated with surfactant (groups L\u2010S and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S, respectively). Intra\u2010abdominal adhesions, collagen fibre content, metalloproteinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20109, expression of growth factors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KGF<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VEGF<\/jats:styled-content>), type III procollagen (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>III) and pro\u2010caspase 3, as well as isolectin B4 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010positive cells expressing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109, were evaluated. Groups treated with surfactant (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S and L\u2010S) exhibited fewer adhesions. A significant reduction in collagen fibre content was observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> animals (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic> and gelatin zymography analysis showed higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 expression and activity in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S group compared to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010positive cell counts were significantly higher in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) than in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> group. Virtually all cells positive for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ED<\/jats:styled-content>1 were <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109+. Double\u2010labelling of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20109 with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IB<\/jats:styled-content>4 showed no significant differences between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> groups. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KGF<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> PC<\/jats:styled-content>III and pro\u2010caspase\u20103 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression decreased significantly in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content> animals (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). Surfactant administration also reduced apoptosis in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GE<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010S group. These findings suggest that surfactant reduces the intra\u2010abdominal adhesions triggered by laparotomy and gastrointestinal anastomosis, thus preventing fibrosis formation at the peritoneal surfaces. This preclinical study suggests an innovative treatment strategy for intra\u2010abdominal adhesions with surfactant and to endorse its putative mechanism of action.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,1]],"date-time":"2016-02-01T17:23:28Z","timestamp":1454347408000},"page":"632-643","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exogenous pulmonary surfactant prevents the development of intra\u2010abdominal adhesions in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Schanaider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science Department of Surgery School of Medicine Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Centre for Experimental Surgery Department of Surgery School of Medicine Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Cotta\u2010Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Surgical Science Department of Surgery School of Medicine Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo C.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Surgery Department of Surgery School of Medicine Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Macedo\u2010Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Laboratory in Molecular Physiology Centre for Experimental Surgery Department of Surgery School of Medicine Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences \u2013 Physiology Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnatas D.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences \u2013 Physiology Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro A. 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