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Transforming growth factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010\u03b21 plays a pivotal role in intestinal cellular and immune regulation. However, the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21 on intestinal I\/R injury remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21 on gut barriers after intestinal I\/R and the molecular mechanisms. Intestinal I\/R model was produced in mice by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 1 hr followed by reperfusion. Recombinant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21 was intravenously infused at 15 min. before ischaemia. The results showed that within 2 hrs after reperfusion, intestinal I\/R disturbed intestinal immunoglobulin A class switch recombination (IgA <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSR<\/jats:styled-content>), the key process of mucosal IgA synthesis, and resulted in IgA dysfunction, as evidenced by decreased production and bacteria\u2010binding capacity of IgA. Meanwhile, the disruptions of intestinal microflora and mucosal structure were exhibited. Transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 activated IgA <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSR<\/jats:styled-content> as evidenced by the increased activation molecules and IgA precursors. Strikingly, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21 improved intestinal mucosal IgA dysfunction, dysbiosis and epithelial damage at the early stage after reperfusion. In addition, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010431542, a specific inhibitor of activating mothers against decapentaplegic homologue (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMAD<\/jats:styled-content>) 2\/3, totally blocked the inductive effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21 on IgA <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSR<\/jats:styled-content> and almost abrogated the above protective effects on intestinal barriers. Taken together, our study demonstrates that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21 protects intestinal mucosal IgA immunity, microbiota and epithelial integrity against I\/R injury mainly through <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b2 receptor 1\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SMAD<\/jats:styled-content> 2\/3 pathway. Induction of IgA <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSR<\/jats:styled-content> may be involved in the protection conferred by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12789","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,28]],"date-time":"2016-01-28T21:15:54Z","timestamp":1454015754000},"page":"1014-1023","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["<scp>TGF<\/scp>\u2010\u03b21 improves mucosal IgA dysfunction and dysbiosis following intestinal ischaemia\u2013reperfusion in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xu\u2010Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi\u2010Meng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Intensive Care Unit The First 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