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In this study, we focused on the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells in regulating Th1\/Treg and Th17\/Treg balance during chlamydial lung infection. We found that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell\u2010depleted mice showed decreased Th1 and Th17 cells, which was correlated with reduced interferon\u2010\u03b3, interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u201012, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201017 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201022 production as well as T\u2010bet and receptor\u2010related orphan receptor gamma t expression compared with mice treated with the isotype control antibody. In contrast, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cell depletion significantly increased Treg in cell number and related transcription factor (Foxp3) expression. The opposite trends of changes of Th1\/Th17 and Treg led to significant reduction in the Th1\/Treg and Th17\/Treg ratios. The data implicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content> cells play an important role in host defence against chlamydial lung infection, mainly through maintaining Th1\/Treg and Th17\/Treg balance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,31]],"date-time":"2016-03-31T13:51:24Z","timestamp":1459432284000},"page":"1339-1351","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Natural killer cells regulate Th1\/Treg and Th17\/Treg balance in chlamydial lung infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenic Biology Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan 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