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Recent evidence indicates that altered crosstalk between\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CML<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and mesenchymal stromal cells may affect leukaemia survival; moreover, vesicles released by both tumour and non\u2010tumour cells into the microenvironment provide a suitable niche for cancer cell growth and survival. We previously demonstrated that leukaemic and stromal cells establish an exosome\u2010mediated bidirectional crosstalk leading to the production of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    8 in stromal cells, thus sustaining the survival of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CML<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cells. Human cell lines used are\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    84 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CML<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cells),\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    5 (stromal cells) and bone marrow primary stromal cells; gene expression and protein analysis were performed by real\u2010time\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and Western blot.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    8 and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    9 secretions were evaluated by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Exosomes were isolated from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CML<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cells and blood samples of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CML<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    patients. Here, we show that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    84 and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CML<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    patients\u2019 exosomes contain amphiregulin (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AREG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ), thus activating epidermal growth factor receptor (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) signalling in stromal cells.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    signalling increases the expression of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SNAIL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and its targets,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    9 and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    8. We also demonstrated that pre\u2010treatment of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    5 with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LAMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    84 exosomes increases the expression of annexin A2 that promotes the adhesion of leukaemic cells to the stromal monolayer, finally supporting the growth and invasiveness of leukaemic cells. Leukaemic and stromal cells establish a bidirectional crosstalk: exosomes promote proliferation and survival of leukaemic cells, both\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , by inducing\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    8 secretion from stromal cells. We propose that this mechanism is activated by a ligand\u2013receptor interaction between\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AREG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , found in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CML<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    exosomes, and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EGFR<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in bone marrow stromal cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12873","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,19]],"date-time":"2016-05-19T23:55:18Z","timestamp":1463702118000},"page":"1829-1839","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Chronic myelogenous leukaemia exosomes modulate bone marrow microenvironment through activation of epidermal growth factor receptor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Corrado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Palermo sezione di Biologia e Genetica Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Saieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Palermo sezione di Biologia e Genetica Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Raimondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Palermo sezione di Biologia e Genetica Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisione di Ematologia A.O. 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