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We have previously shown that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is released from guinea pig bladder urothelium\/suburothelium and can inhibit detrusor contractile responses. We presently wished to investigate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> actions in guinea pig out\u2010flow region and the distribution of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors. The effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on urothelium\u2010intact trigone and proximal urethra contractility were studied in organ bath experiments. Expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor proteins was analysed by western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify distribution of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in a dose\u2010dependent manner inhibited trigone contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EFS<\/jats:styled-content>) and inhibited spontaneous contractions of the proximal urethra. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was equally (trigone) or slightly less potent (urethra) compared with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGE<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors was found in male guinea pig bladder trigone, neck and proximal urethra. In the trigone and proximal urethra, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> receptors were found on the membrane of smooth muscle cells and weak immunoreactivty was observed in the urothelium. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors were distributed more widespread, weakly and evenly in the urothelium and smooth muscles. Inhibitory effects by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on motor activity of guinea pig trigone and proximal urethra are consistent with finding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DP<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors located in the urothelium and smooth muscle cells of the trigone and proximal urethra, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PGD<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> may therefore be a modulator of the bladder out\u2010flow region, possibly having a function in regulation of micturition and a role in overactive bladder syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,24]],"date-time":"2016-09-24T04:16:31Z","timestamp":1474690591000},"page":"234-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Prostaglandin D<sub>2<\/sub> effects and <scp>DP<\/scp><sub>1<\/sub>\/<scp>DP<\/scp><sub>2<\/sub> receptor distribution in guinea pig urinary bladder out\u2010flow region"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Na N.","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Svennersten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra J.","family":"de Verdier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N. 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