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Recently, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCI<\/jats:styled-content> has been shown to induce spinal cord adult neurogenesis, which may contribute to the chronic increase in nociceptive sensitivity. Here, we show that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCI<\/jats:styled-content> also induces rapid and profound asymmetrical anatomical rearrangements in the adult rodent cerebellum and pons. This remodelling occurs throughout the hindbrain, and in addition to regions involved in pain processing, also affects other sensory modalities. We demonstrate that these anatomical changes, partially reversible in the long term, result from adult neurogenesis. Neurogenic markers Mash1, Ngn2, doublecortin and Notch3 are widely expressed in the rodent cerebellum and pons, both under normal and injured conditions. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced hindbrain structural plasticity is absent in Notch3 knockout mice, a strain with impaired neuronal differentiation, demonstrating its dependence on adult neurogenesis. Grey matter and white matter structural changes in human brain, as a result of pain, injury or learned behaviours have been previously detected using non\u2010invasive neuroimaging techniques. Because neurogenesis\u2010mediated structural plasticity is thought to be restricted to the hippocampus and the subventricular zone, such anatomical rearrangements in other parts of the brain have been thought to result from neuronal plasticity or glial hypertrophy. Our findings suggest the presence of extensive neurogenesis\u2010based structural plasticity in the adult mammalian brain, which may maintain a memory of basal sensory levels, and act as an adaptive mechanism to changes in sensory inputs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,25]],"date-time":"2016-09-25T04:06:44Z","timestamp":1474776404000},"page":"299-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Peripheral nerve injury induces adult brain neurogenesis and remodelling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2811-905X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Rusanescu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MGH Center for Translational Pain Research Department of Anesthesia Critical Care and Pain Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 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