{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:46:41Z","timestamp":1788918401515,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,20]],"date-time":"2016-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Menarini I.F.R.","award":["2013 VANNMCT002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013 VANNMCT002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Otilonium bromide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OB<\/jats:styled-content>) is a spasmolytic drug successfully used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>). Its efficacy has been attributed to the block of L\u2010 and T\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels and muscarinic and tachykinin receptors in the smooth muscle. Furthermore, in healthy rats, repeated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OB<\/jats:styled-content>administration modified neurotransmitter expression and function suggesting other mechanisms of action. On this basis, we investigated whether repeated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OB<\/jats:styled-content>treatment prevented the functional and neurochemical changes observed in the colon of rats underwent to wrap restrain stress (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WRS<\/jats:styled-content>) a psychosocial stressor considered suitable to reproduce the main<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IBS<\/jats:styled-content>signs and symptoms. In control,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WRS<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OB<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WRS<\/jats:styled-content>rats functional parameters were measured<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>and morphological investigations were done<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>in the colon. The results showed that<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OB<\/jats:styled-content>counteracts most of the neurotransmitters changes caused by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WRS<\/jats:styled-content>. In particular, the drug prevents the decrease in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>1r\u2010,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">nNOS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VIP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010, and S100\u03b2\u2010immunoreactivity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>) and the increase in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CGRP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010, and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRF<\/jats:styled-content>1r\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>. On the contrary,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OB<\/jats:styled-content>does not affect the increase in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CRF<\/jats:styled-content>2r\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>neurons observed in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WRS<\/jats:styled-content>rats and does not interfere with the mild mucosal inflammation due to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WRS<\/jats:styled-content>. Finally,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OB<\/jats:styled-content><jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>increases the Mr2 expression in the muscle wall and decreases the number of the myenteric Ch<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IR<\/jats:styled-content>neurons. Functional findings show a significantly reduction in the number of spontaneous abdominal contraction in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OB<\/jats:styled-content>treated rats. The ability of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OB<\/jats:styled-content>to block L\u2010type Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>channels, also expressed by enteric neurons, might represent a possible mechanism through which<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OB<\/jats:styled-content>exerts its actions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,20]],"date-time":"2016-11-20T05:06:42Z","timestamp":1479618402000},"page":"735-745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Repeated otilonium bromide administration prevents neurotransmitter changes in colon of rats underwent to wrap restraint stress"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Traini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Research Unit of Histology and Embryology Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Evangelista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ricerche SpA Preclinical Development Dept. Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Girod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syncrosome Marseille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Simonetta","family":"Faussone\u2010Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Research Unit of Histology and Embryology Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Giuliana","family":"Vannucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine Research Unit of Histology and Embryology Florence 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