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The <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> expanded chondrocytes enhanced by factors\/agents to obtain large numbers of cells with strengthened phenotype are essential for successful repair of cartilage lesions by clinical cell implantation therapies. Because the salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a major hydrophilic therapeutic agent isolated from <jats:italic>Salvia miltiorrhiza<\/jats:italic>, has been widely used to treat diseases and able to stimulate activity of cells, this study examines the effects of Sal B on passaged chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were treated with various concentrations of Sal B in monolayer culture, their morphological properties and changes, and mitochondrial membrane potential were analysed using microscopic analyses, including cellular biochemical staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The proteins were quantified by BCA and Western blotting, and the transcription of genes was detected by qRT\u2010PCR. The passaged chondrocytes treated with Sal B showed strengthened cellular synthesis and stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential with upregulated expression of the marker genes for chondrocyte phenotype, <jats:italic>Col2\u2010\u03b11<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Acan<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic>, the key Wnt signalling molecule <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010catenin<\/jats:italic> and paracrine cytokine <jats:italic>Cytl\u20101<\/jats:italic>. The treatments using CYTL\u20101 protein significantly increased expression of <jats:italic>Col2\u2010\u03b11<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Acan<\/jats:italic> with no effect on <jats:italic>Sox9<\/jats:italic>, indicating the paracrine cytokine acts on chondrocytes independent of SOX9. Sal B has ultimately promoted cell growth and enhanced chondrocyte phenotype. The chondrocytes treated with pharmaceutical agent and cytokine in the formulated medium for generating large number of differentiated chondrocytes would facilitate the cell\u2010based therapies for cartilage repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T12:46:33Z","timestamp":1488285993000},"page":"1835-1847","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Salvianolic acid B regulates gene expression and promotes cell viability in chondrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Jinan University School of Medicine Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaojie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Jinan 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