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Chinese 1 strain of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> is a dominant genotype prevalent in China. Although it is known that early foetal resorption triggered by RH strain of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> is attributable to immune mechanisms rather than its direct effect in uterus, the underlying mechanism of the abortion caused by Chinese 1 strain remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effect of excreted\u2013secreted antigens (ESA) of Chinese 1 strain of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> on the expression of forkhead box transcription factor (Foxp3) as it pertains to early pregnancy and abortion. ESA caused a marked inhibition in the expression of Foxp3 both <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. In addition, ESA negatively modulated Smad2 and Smad3 at the posttranslational level. Smad2 siRNA cooperated with ESA to further suppress the level of Foxp3. This inhibitory effect on Foxp3 expression was partially abrogated by overexpression of Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4. Additionally, ESA attenuated the expression of TGF\u00dfRII, whereas TGF\u00dfRII agonist could profoundly reversed the decreased Foxp3 triggered by ESA. Collectively, the findings suggested that ESA restricted Foxp3 expression by inhibiting TGF\u00dfRII\/Smad2\/Smad3\/Smad4 signalling, ultimately resulting in abortion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T18:11:27Z","timestamp":1489687887000},"page":"1944-1953","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Chinese 1 strain of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> excreted\u2013secreted antigens negatively modulate Foxp3 <i>via<\/i> inhibition of the TGF\u00dfRII\/Smad2\/Smad3\/Smad4 pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jinling","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology School of Medicine Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caiqun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology School of Medicine Nantong 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