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Mastication has been reported to maintain hippocampus\u2010dependent cognitive function. This study was conducted to examine the effect of tongue motor loss on the hippocampus\u2010dependent cognitive function and its underlying mechanism. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to the initial training of Morris water maze task before or after the bilateral transection of hypoglossal nerves (Hx). When the initial training was given before the surgery, the target quadrant dwelling time during the probe test performed at a week after the surgery was significantly reduced in Hx rats relative to sham\u2010operated controls. When the initial training was given after the surgery, Hx affected the initial and reversal trainings and probe tests. Brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content>) expression, cell numbers and long\u2010term potentiation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTP<\/jats:styled-content>) were examined in the hippocampus on the 10<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>day, and BrdU and doublecortin staining on the 14<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>day, after the surgery. Hx decreased the hippocampal<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content>and cells in the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>1\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>3 regions and impaired<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTP<\/jats:styled-content>. BrdU and doublecortin staining was decreased in the dentate gyrus of Hx rats. Results suggest that tongue motor loss impairs hippocampus\u2010dependent cognitive function, and decreased<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDNF<\/jats:styled-content>expression in the hippocampus may be implicated in its underlying molecular mechanism in relation with decreased neurogenesis\/proliferation and impaired<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LTP<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T12:32:42Z","timestamp":1501677162000},"page":"3752-3760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Decreased hippocampal brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor and impaired cognitive function by hypoglossal nerve transection in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Doyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dental Research Institute Seoul National University School of 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