{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:37:09Z","timestamp":1790336229528,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Ministry of Defense","award":["E\/U2A\/CD524\/DF560"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E\/U2A\/CD524\/DF560"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cartilage injury can trigger crucial pathomechanisms, including excessive cell death and expression of matrix\u2010destructive enzymes, which contribute to the progression of a post\u2010traumatic osteoarthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PTOA<\/jats:styled-content>). With the intent to create a novel treatment strategy for alleviating trauma\u2010induced cartilage damage, we complemented a promising antioxidative approach based on cell and chondroprotective N\u2010acetyl cysteine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content>) by chondroanabolic stimulation. Overall, three potential pro\u2010anabolic growth factors \u2013 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMP<\/jats:styled-content>7 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FGF<\/jats:styled-content>18 \u2013 were tested comparatively with and without <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content> in an <jats:italic>ex\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> human cartilage trauma\u2010model. For that purpose, full\u2010thickness cartilage explants were subjected to a defined impact (0.59\u00a0J) and subsequently treated with the substances. Efficacy of the therapeutic approaches was evaluated by cell viability, as well as various catabolic and anabolic biomarkers, representing the present matrix turnover. Although monotherapy with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> FGF<\/jats:styled-content>18 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMP<\/jats:styled-content>7 significantly prevented trauma\u2010induced cell dead and breakdown of type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> collagen, combination of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content> and one of the growth factors did not yield significant benefit as compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content> alone. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101, which possessed only moderate cell protective and no chondroprotective qualities after cartilage trauma, even reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010mediated cell and chondroprotection. Despite significant promotion of type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> collagen expression by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMP<\/jats:styled-content>7, addition of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content> completely suppressed this chondroanabolic effect. All in all, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMP<\/jats:styled-content>7 emerged as best combination. As our findings indicate limited benefits of the simultaneous multidirectional therapy, a sequential application might circumvent adverse interferences, such as suppression of type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content> collagen biosynthesis, which was found to be reversed 7\u00a0days after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAC<\/jats:styled-content> withdrawal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T12:36:37Z","timestamp":1503405397000},"page":"77-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Striking a new path in reducing cartilage breakdown: combination of antioxidative therapy and chondroanabolic stimulation after blunt cartilage trauma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jana","family":"Riegger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases Department of Orthopedics University of Ulm Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helga","family":"Joos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases Department of Orthopedics University of Ulm Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans\u2010Georg","family":"Palm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery German Armed Forces Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedikt","family":"Friemert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery German Armed Forces Hospital Ulm Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Reichel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics University of Ulm Ulm 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