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Dysregulation of PROK1 has been linked to recurrent pregnancy loss, pre\u2010eclampsia, foetal growth restriction and preterm birth. These pregnancy complications are common in women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome, i.e. conditions associated with insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia. We investigated the effect of insulin on PROK1 expression during <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> decidualization. Endometrial stromal cells were isolated from six healthy, regularly menstruating women and decidualized <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Insulin induced a significant dose\u2010dependent up\u2010regulation of PROK1 on both mRNA and protein level in decidualizing endometrial stromal cells. This up\u2010regulation was mediated by hypoxia\u2010inducible factor 1\u2010alpha (HIF1\u03b1) <jats:italic>via<\/jats:italic> the phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010kinase (PI3K) pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PROK1 did not affect the viability, but significantly inhibited the migration of endometrial stromal cells and the migratory and invasive capacity of trophoblast cell lines. This <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study provides new insights into the regulation of PROK1 by insulin in human decidualizing endometrial stromal cells, the action of PROK1 on migration of endometrial stromal cells, as well as migration and invasion of trophoblasts. We speculate that hyperinsulinaemia may be involved in the mechanisms by which PROK1 is linked to placenta\u2010related pregnancy complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,7]],"date-time":"2017-08-07T08:22:45Z","timestamp":1502094165000},"page":"163-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Prokineticin 1 is up\u2010regulated by insulin in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4659-9712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dorina","family":"Ujvari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivika","family":"Jakson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 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