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They are conventionally treated by the transplantation of donor corneal tissue, which is, restricted by a worldwide donor material shortage and allograft rejection. Autologous adult stem cells with a potential to differentiate into corneal stromal keratocytes (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSK<\/jats:styled-content>s) could offer a suitable choice of cells for regenerative cell therapy. Postnatal periodontal ligament (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>) contains a population of adult stem cells, which has a similar embryological origin as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSK<\/jats:styled-content>, that is cranial neural crest. We harvested <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> cells from young adult teeth extracted because of non\u2010functional or orthodontic reason and differentiated them towards <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSK<\/jats:styled-content> phenotype using a two\u2010step protocol with spheroid formation followed by growth factor and cytokine induction in a stromal environment (human amnion stroma and porcine corneal stroma). Our results showed that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010differentiated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like cells expressed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSK<\/jats:styled-content> markers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>34, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ALDH<\/jats:styled-content>3A1, keratocan, lumican, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHST<\/jats:styled-content>6, B3<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GNT<\/jats:styled-content>7 and Col8A2) and had minimal expression of genes related to fibrosis and other lineages (vasculogenesis, adipogenesis, myogenesis, epitheliogenesis, neurogenesis and hematogenesis). Introduction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> spheroids into the stroma of porcine corneas resulted in extensive migration of cells inside the host stroma after 14\u2010day organ culture. Their quiescent nature and uniform cell distribution resembled to that of mature <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSK<\/jats:styled-content>s inside the native stroma. Our results demonstrated the potential translation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDL<\/jats:styled-content> cells for regenerative corneal cell therapy for corneal opacities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T07:32:33Z","timestamp":1521099153000},"page":"3119-3132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Postnatal periodontal ligament as a novel adult stem cell source for regenerative corneal cell therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8445-3669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary Hin\u2010Fai","family":"Yam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Research Program Duke\u2010National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School 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M","family":"Yusoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Fuest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bee\u2010Tin","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery National Dental Centre Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jodhbir S","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Group Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore"},{"name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Research Program Duke\u2010National 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