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Pulmonary veins (PVs) and left atrium (LA) are the most important AF trigger and substrate. We investigated whether H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S may modulate the arrhythmogenesis of PVs and atria. Conventional microelectrodes and whole\u2010cell patch clamp were performed in rabbit PV, sinoatrial node (SAN) or atrial cardiomyocytes before and after the perfusion of NaHS with or without chelerythrine (a selective PKC inhibitor), rottlerin (a specific PKC \u03b4 inhibitor) or KB\u2010R7943 (a NCX inhibitor). NaHS reduced spontaneous beating rates, but increased the occurrences of delayed afterdepolarizations and burst firing in PVs and SANs. NaHS (100 \u03bcmol\/L) increased I<jats:sub>KATP<\/jats:sub> and I<jats:sub>NCX<\/jats:sub> in PV and LA cardiomyocytes, which were attenuated by chelerythrine (3 \u03bcmol\/L). Chelerythrine, rottlerin (10 \u03bcmol\/L) or KB\u2010R7943 (10 \u03bcmol\/L) attenuated the arrhythmogenic effects of NaHS on PVs or SANs. NaHS shortened the action potential duration in LA, but not in right atrium or in the presence of chelerythrine. NaHS increased PKC activity, but did not translocate PKC isoforms \u03b1, \u03b5 to membrane in LA. In conclusion, through protein kinase C signalling, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S increases PV and atrial arrhythmogenesis, which may contribute to air pollution\u2010induced AF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T15:11:08Z","timestamp":1523891468000},"page":"3503-3513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hydrogen sulphide increases pulmonary veins and atrial arrhythmogenesis with activation of protein kinase C"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chao\u2010Shun","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung\u2010Kuo","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wang Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Hsun","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Education and Research Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao\u2010Chang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih\u2010Ann","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center National Yang\u2010Ming University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7224-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi\u2010Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wang Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198204293061703"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.8.983"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80348-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.10.946"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.05.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.11.1267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000027561.41736.3C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR).Toxicological profile for hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide. 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