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Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010activated protein kinase (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) have been shown to modulate lung inflammatory responses and injury. However, it remains elusive whether Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    modulate nuclear factor erythroid\u20102 related factor\u20102 (Nrf2)\u2010mediated protective responses during the development of emphysema. Here we showed that treatment with a Wnt pathway activator (LiCl) reduced elastase\u2010induced airspace enlargement and cigarette smoke extract (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    )\u2010induced lung inflammatory responses in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    mice, which was associated with increased activation of Nrf2 pathway. Interestingly, these effects of LiCl were not observed in Nrf2\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice exposed to elastase. In normal human bronchial epithelial (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) cells, Wnt3a overexpression up\u2010regulated, whereas Wnt3a knockdown further down\u2010regulated the levels of Nrf2 and its target proteins heme oxygenase\u20101 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20101) and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NQO<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    1) by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    treatment. In contrast, Nrf2 deficiency did not have any effects on Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin pathway in mouse lungs and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cells. Both elastase and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    exposures reduced\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    phosphorylation. A specific\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    activator metformin increased Wnt3a, \u03b2\u2010catenin, Nrf2 phosphorylation and activation but reduced the levels of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20106 and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20108 in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cells and mouse lungs exposed to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Furthermore, Nrf2 deficiency abolished the protection of metformin against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010induced increase in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20106 and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u20108 in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NHBE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    cells. In conclusion, Nrf2 mediates the protective effects of both Wnt3a\/\u03b2\u2010catenin and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPK<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    on lung inflammatory responses during the development of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \/emphysema. These findings provide potential therapeutic targets for the intervention of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COPD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \/emphysema.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,16]],"date-time":"2018-04-16T11:18:13Z","timestamp":1523877493000},"page":"3514-3525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Nrf2 attenuates inflammatory response in\n                    <scp>COPD<\/scp>\n                    \/emphysema: Crosstalk with Wnt3a\/\u03b2\u2010catenin and\n                    <scp>AMPK<\/scp>\n                    pathways"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian 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