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We recently demonstrated that acidic bile (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0\u2264\u00a04.0) can induce <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB activation and oncogenic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> phenotype in normal hypopharyngeal cells and generate premalignant changes in treated hypopharyngeal mucosa. We hypothesize that curcumin, a dietary inhibitor of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB, may effectively inhibit the acidic bile\u2010induced cancer\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> phenotype, in treated human hypopharyngeal primary cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HHPC<\/jats:styled-content>), supporting its potential preventive use in\u00a0vivo. Luciferase assay, immunofluorescence, Western blot, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">qPCR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> microarray analysis were used to explore the effect of curcumin in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HHPC<\/jats:styled-content> exposed to bile (400\u00a0\u03bcmol\/L) at acidic and neutral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>. Curcumin successfully inhibited the acidic bile\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB signalling pathway (25% of analysed genes), and overexpression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB transcriptional factors, c\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">REL<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> RELA<\/jats:styled-content>(p65), anti\u2010apoptotic bcl\u20102, oncogenic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EGFR<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> STAT<\/jats:styled-content>3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WNT<\/jats:styled-content>5A, \u0394Np63 and cancer\u2010related <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106. Curcumin effectively reduced bile\u2010induced bcl\u20102 overexpression at both acidic and neutral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>. Our novel findings suggest that, similar to pharmacologic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB inhibitor, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAY<\/jats:styled-content> 11\u20107082, curcumin can suppress acidic bile\u2010induced oncogenic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> phenotype in hypopharyngeal cells, encouraging its future in\u00a0vivo pre\u2010clinical and clinical explorations in prevention of bile reflux\u2010related pre\u2010neoplastic events mediated by NF\u2010\u03baB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T04:09:25Z","timestamp":1529294965000},"page":"4209-4220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Curcumin prevents the bile reflux\u2010induced <scp>NF<\/scp>\u2010\u03baB\u2010related <scp>mRNA<\/scp> oncogenic 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