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As the role of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> sensing Toll\u2010like receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>) 9 in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content> is unclear, we aimed to investigate its involvement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis using three different experimental models of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RA<\/jats:styled-content>. The data obtained revealed involvement of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 in the T cell\u2010dependent phase of inflammatory arthritis. In rats with pristane\u2010induced arthritis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PIA<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 inhibition before disease onset reduced arthritis significantly and almost completely abolished bone erosion. Accordingly, serum levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, \u03b1\u20101\u2010acid\u2010glycoprotein and rheumatoid factor were reduced. Moreover, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> mice, streptococcal cell wall (SCW)\u2010induced arthritis was reduced in the T cell\u2010dependent phase, whereas T cell\u2010independent serum\u2010transfer arthritis was not affected. Remarkably, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>7 expression did not change during in vitro osteoclastogenesis, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 expression was higher in precursor cells than in mature osteoclasts and partial inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was achieved only by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 antagonist. These results demonstrate a pivotal role for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>9 in the T cell\u2010dependent phases of inflammatory arthritis and additionally suggest some role during osteoclastogenesis. Hence, endogenous <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> seems to be crucially involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory autoimmune arthritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T08:11:51Z","timestamp":1531296711000},"page":"4399-4409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The involvement of Toll\u2010like receptor 9 in the pathogenesis of erosive autoimmune arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"Fischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Internal Medicine III Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahla","family":"Abdollahi\u2010Roodsaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Department of Medicine New York University School of Medicine New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Internal Medicine III Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Niederreiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Internal Medicine III Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brigitte","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Internal Medicine III Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony C. 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