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Mesenchymal stem cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>s) have been widely studied for treating tissue defects and excessive fibrosis, and recent studies established that one of the main therapeutic vectors of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>s is comprised in their secretome and represented by extracellular vesicles (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>s). Thus, we have determined to explore the specific role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>s\u2010derived <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>s) treatment in a pre\u2010clinical model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>. The results firstly showed that either a bolus dose of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>s or a bolus dose of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>s (administration via renal\u2010arterial) significantly ameliorated ureteral fibrosis and recuperated ureter morphological development in a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> rat model. We confirmed our observations through <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>s or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>s treatment alleviated hydronephrosis, less renal dysfunction and blunted transforming growth factor\u2010\u03b21 induced fibration. Due to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>s are the equivalent dose of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>s, and similar curative effects of transplantation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>s and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>s were observed, we speculated the curative effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSC<\/jats:styled-content>s in treating <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content> might on account of the release of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EV<\/jats:styled-content>s through paracrine mechanisms. Our study demonstrated an innovative strategy to counteract ureteral stricture formation in a rat model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T10:57:56Z","timestamp":1531306676000},"page":"4449-4459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells reduce ureteral stricture formation in a rat model via the paracrine effect of extracellular vesicles"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jintai","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology &amp; Andrology Minimally Invasive Surgery Center Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou 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