{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:09:06Z","timestamp":1787015346546,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Alzheimer's disease (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is a complex neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. There has been increasing recognition of sex differences in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    prevalence, clinical manifestation, disease course and prognosis. However, there have been few studies on the molecular mechanism underlying these differences. To address this issue, we carried out global gene expression and integrative network analyses based on expression profiles (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    84422) across 17 cortical regions of 125 individuals with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . There were few genes that were differentially expressed across the 17 regions between the two sexes, with only four (encoding glutamate metabotropic receptor 2, oestrogen\u2010related receptor beta, kinesin family member 26B, and aspartoacylase) that were differentially expressed in three regions. A pan\u2010cortical brain region co\u2010expression network analysis identified pathways and genes (eg, glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2) that were significantly associated with clinical characteristics of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (such as neurofibrillary score) in males only. Similarity analyses between region\u2010specific networks indicated that male patients exhibited greater variability, especially in the superior parietal lobule, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and occipital visual cortex. A network module analysis revealed an association between clinical traits and crosstalk of sex\u2010specific modules. An examination of temporal and spatial patterns of sex differences in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    showed that molecular networks were more conserved in females than in males in different cortical regions and at different\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    stages. These findings provide insight into critical molecular pathways governing sex differences in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    pathology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,5]],"date-time":"2018-11-05T06:38:52Z","timestamp":1541399932000},"page":"47-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Molecular differences in Alzheimer's disease between male and female patients determined by integrative network analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lin\u2010Lin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 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