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Here, we found that tigecycline dramatically inhibited the proliferation of multiple myeloma (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>) cell lines <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108226, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010H929 and U266 in a dose and time\u2010dependent manner. Meanwhile, tigecycline also potently impaired the colony formation of these three cell lines. Mechanism analysis found that tigecycline led to cell cycle arrest at G0\/G1 with down\u2010regulation of p21, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDK<\/jats:styled-content>2 and cyclin D1, rather than induced apoptosis, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content> cells. Importantly, we found that tigecycline induced autophagy and an autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 further amplified the tigecycline\u2010induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that autophagy plays a cytoprotective role in tigecycline\u2010treated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content> cells. Mechanisms modulating autophagy found that tigecycline enhanced the phosphorylation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AMPK<\/jats:styled-content>, but did not decrease the phosphorylation of Akt, to inhibit the phosphorylation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mTOR<\/jats:styled-content> and its two downstream effectors p70S6K1 and 4E\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>1. Tigecycline effectively inhibited tumour growth in the xenograft tumour model of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RPMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108226 cells. Autophagy also occurred in tigecycline\u2010treated tumour xenograft, and autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and tigecycline had a synergistic effect against <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content> cells in\u00a0vivo. Thus, our results suggest that tigecycline may be a promising candidate in the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MM<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13865","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,24]],"date-time":"2018-09-24T13:17:19Z","timestamp":1537795039000},"page":"5955-5963","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Inhibition of autophagy enhances the antitumour activity of tigecycline in multiple myeloma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ruye","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Hematology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Wenzhou Key Laboratory of 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