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Tp92 is the only <jats:italic>T.\u00a0pallidum<\/jats:italic> outer membrane protein that has structural features similar to the outer membrane proteins of other Gram\u2010negative bacteria, but the exact functions of this protein remain unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that the recombinant Tp92 protein can induce human mononuclear cell death. Tp92 mediated the human monocytic cell line derived from an acute monicytic leukemia patient (THP\u20101) cell death by recognizing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>14 and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>2 on cell surfaces. After the stimulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells by the Tp92 protein, Tp92 may induce atypical pyroptosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells via the pro\u2010caspase\u20101 pathway. Meanwhile, this protein caused the apoptosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells via the receptor\u2010interacting protein kinase 1\/caspase\u20108\/aspase\u20103 pathway. Tp92 reduced the number of monocytes among peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interestingly, further research showed that Tp92 failed to increase the tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101\u03b2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201018 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP)\u20101 levels but slightly elevated the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108 levels via the Nuclear Factor (NF)\u2010\u03baB pathway in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">THP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 cells. The data suggest that Tp92 recognizes <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>14 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TLR<\/jats:styled-content>2, transfers the signal to a downstream pathway, and activates NF\u2010\u03baB to mediate the production of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20108. This mechanism may help <jats:italic>T.\u00a0pallidum<\/jats:italic> escape recognition and elimination by the host innate immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T06:54:44Z","timestamp":1537080884000},"page":"6039-6054","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The outer membrane protein Tp92 of <i>Treponema pallidum<\/i> induces human mononuclear cell death and <scp>IL<\/scp>\u20108 secretion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"Luo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathogenic Biology and Key Laboratory of Special Pathogen Prevention and Control of Hunan Province Collaborative Innovation Center for New Molecular Drug Research University of South China Hengyang 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