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However, the molecular mechanisms of its effects in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLL<\/jats:styled-content>) remain elusive. We show that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLL<\/jats:styled-content> cells are sensitive to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CUDC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010907, even under conditions similar to the protective microenvironment of proliferation centres. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CUDC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010907 inhibited <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>3K\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKT<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content> activity, as expected, but also suppressed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAF<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MEK<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERK<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">STAT<\/jats:styled-content>3 signalling and reduced the expression of anti\u2010apoptotic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 family proteins <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">xL<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101. Moreover, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CUDC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010907 downregulated cytokines <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAFF<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">APRIL<\/jats:styled-content> and their receptors <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAFFR<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> TACI<\/jats:styled-content>, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCMA<\/jats:styled-content>, thus blocking <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAFF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB signalling. T cell chemokines <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL<\/jats:styled-content>3\/4\/17\/22 and phosphorylation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCR<\/jats:styled-content>4 were also reduced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CUDC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010907. These data indicated that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CUDC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010907 abrogates different protective signals and suggested that it might sensitize <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLL<\/jats:styled-content> cells to other drugs. Indeed, combinations of low concentrations of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CUDC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010907 with inhibitors of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCL<\/jats:styled-content>2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BTK<\/jats:styled-content>, or the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03baB pathway showed a potent synergistic effect. Our data indicate that, apart from its known functions, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CUDC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010907 blocks multiple pro\u2010survival pathways to overcome microenvironment protection in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLL<\/jats:styled-content> cells. This provides a rationale to evaluate the clinical relevance of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CUDC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010907 in combination therapies with other targeted inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T10:20:27Z","timestamp":1540376427000},"page":"340-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["<scp>CUDC<\/scp>\u2010907 blocks multiple pro\u2010survival signals and abrogates microenvironment protection in <scp>CLL<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yixiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanisms of Cancer and Ageing Laboratory Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Leicester Leicester UK"},{"name":"Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute University of Leicester Leicester UK"},{"name":"Medical College Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chlo\u00e9","family":"Peubez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanisms of Cancer and Ageing Laboratory Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Leicester Leicester UK"},{"name":"Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanisms of Cancer and Ageing Laboratory Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Leicester Leicester UK"},{"name":"Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiqiu","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute University of Leicester Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Studies University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Kocsis\u2010Fodor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanisms of Cancer and Ageing Laboratory Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Leicester Leicester UK"},{"name":"Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Constantine","family":"Balotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Jayne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernest and Helen Scott Haematological Research Institute University of Leicester Leicester UK"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Studies University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin J. 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