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However, M2 plasticity is one of the major hurdles to overcome. Our previous studies showed that genetically modified macrophages stabilized by neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>) were able to preserve their M2 phenotype. Nowadays, little is known about M2 macrophage effects in diabetic kidney disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DKD<\/jats:styled-content>). The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of both bone marrow\u2010derived M2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0444M2) and \u0444\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> macrophages in the <jats:italic>db\/db<\/jats:italic> mice. Seventeen\u2010week\u2010old mice with established <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DKD<\/jats:styled-content> were divided into five treatment groups with their controls: D+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0444M2; D+\u0444\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BM<\/jats:styled-content>; D+\u0444\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content>; D+\u0444\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RAW<\/jats:styled-content>; D+<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SHAM<\/jats:styled-content> and non\u2010diabetic (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ND<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:italic>db<\/jats:italic>\/\u2010 and C57bl\/6J) animals. We infused 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> macrophages twice, at baseline and 2\u00a0weeks thereafter. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u0444M2 did not show any therapeutic effect whereas \u0444\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> significantly reduced albuminuria and renal fibrosis. The \u0444\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> therapy increased the anti\u2010inflammatory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201010 and reduced some pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, reduced the proportion of M1 glomerular macrophages and podocyte loss and was associated with a significant decrease of renal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TGF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b21. Overall, our study provides evidence that \u0444\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGAL<\/jats:styled-content> macrophage cell therapy has a therapeutic effect on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DKD<\/jats:styled-content> probably by modulation of the renal inflammatory response caused by the diabetic milieu.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,8]],"date-time":"2018-11-08T14:09:45Z","timestamp":1541686185000},"page":"841-851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Exploring macrophage cell therapy on Diabetic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Roser","family":"Guiteras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Nephrology Department of Ci\u00e8ncies Cl\u00edniques Universitat de Barcelona Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 Biom\u00e8dica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL) Hospitalet de 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