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Nerve growth factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content>), a neurotrophin supporting survival and differentiation of neuronal cells may also regulate endothelial cell functions. Here we studied the role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content> in pathological retinal angiogenesis in the course of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROP<\/jats:styled-content> mouse model. Topical application of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content> enhanced while intraocular injections of anti\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content> neutralizing antibody reduced pathological retinal vascularization in mice subjected to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROP<\/jats:styled-content> model. The pro\u2010angiogenic effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content> in the retina was mediated by inhibition of retinal endothelial cell apoptosis. In vitro, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content> decreased the intrinsic (mitochondria\u2010dependent) apoptosis in hypoxia\u2010treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells and preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential. The anti\u2010apoptotic effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BCL<\/jats:styled-content>2 and reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BAX<\/jats:styled-content>, as well as with enhanced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ERK<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKT<\/jats:styled-content> phosphorylation, and was abolished by inhibition of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKT<\/jats:styled-content> pathway. Our findings reveal an anti\u2010apoptotic role of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content> in the hypoxic retinal endothelium, which is involved in promoting pathological retinal vascularization, thereby pointing to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NGF<\/jats:styled-content> as a potential target for proliferative retinopathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,25]],"date-time":"2019-01-25T05:13:22Z","timestamp":1548393202000},"page":"2362-2371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Nerve growth factor regulates endothelial cell survival and pathological retinal angiogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Troullinaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3935-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileia\u2010Ismini","family":"Alexaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Mitroulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Witt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Klotzsche\u2013von 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