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Screening of 377 miRNAs was performed using low\u2010density arrays in pooled plasma samples of 10 HIV\/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)\u2010infected asymptomatic and 10 AIDS\u2010KS patients before and after successful combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). MiR\u2010375 was identified as a potential marker of active KS, being the most down\u2010regulated in AIDS\u2010KS patients after cART and the most up\u2010regulated in na\u00efve AIDS\u2010KS patients compared to na\u00efve asymptomatic subjects. Validation on individual plasma samples confirmed that miR\u2010375 levels were higher in AIDS\u2010KS compared to asymptomatic patients, decreased after cART\u2010induced remission in most AIDS\u2010KS patients and increased in patients with active KS. In asymptomatic patients miR\u2010375 was up\u2010regulated after cART in both screening and validation. Statistical analyses revealed an association between miR\u2010375 changes and CD4 cell counts, which could explain the discordant cases and the opposite trend between asymptomatic and AIDS\u2010KS patients. These data suggest that circulating miR\u2010375 might be a good indicator of active AIDS\u2010KS. Moreover, changes in miR\u2010375 levels may have a prognostic value in HIV\/HHV8\u2010infected patients undergoing treatment. Further large\u2010scale validation is needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T05:09:16Z","timestamp":1544764156000},"page":"1486-1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Circulating miRNA\u2010375 as a potential novel biomarker for active Kaposi\u2019s sarcoma in AIDS patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7701-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Assunta","family":"Piano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Molecular Oncology Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV \u2010 IRCCS Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9327-397X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Gianesello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and 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