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This study aimed to explore the effects of a new TRAIL<\/jats:styled-content> (TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related apoptosis\u2010inducing ligand) preparation that can target aHSC<\/jats:styled-content>s (activated hepatic stellate cells) on liver fibrosis and explain the possible underlying mechanism. Using our self\u2010made drug carrier pPB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010SSL<\/jats:styled-content> that specifically targets aHSC<\/jats:styled-content>s, recombinant human TRAIL<\/jats:styled-content> (rhTRAIL<\/jats:styled-content>) protein was embedded in (named as pPB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010SSL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010TRAIL<\/jats:styled-content>) and applied to treat liver fibrotic mice as well as 3T3 fibroblast cells and aHSC<\/jats:styled-content>s. Through in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo experiments, we found that, compared with the groups treated with TRAIL<\/jats:styled-content> (free rhTRAIL<\/jats:styled-content>) and SSL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010TRAIL<\/jats:styled-content> (rhTRAIL<\/jats:styled-content> capsulated within unmodified liposome), the group treated with pPB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010SSL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010TRAIL<\/jats:styled-content> nanoparticles showed significantly lower cell viability and higher cell apoptosis in\u00a0vitro. The targeting delivering system pPB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010SSL<\/jats:styled-content> also significantly enhanced the anti\u2010fibrotic effect, apoptosis induction and long circulation of rhTRAIL<\/jats:styled-content>. After the treatment with pPB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010SSL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010TRAIL<\/jats:styled-content>, apoptosis of aHSC<\/jats:styled-content>s was notably increased and hepatic fibrosis in mice was remarkably alleviated. In vitro, pPB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010SSL<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010TRAIL<\/jats:styled-content> nanoparticles were mainly transported and located on membrane or into cytoplasm, but the particles were distributed mainly in mouse fibrotic liver and most on the cell membrane of aHSC<\/jats:styled-content>s. In conclusion, rhTRAIL<\/jats:styled-content> carried by pPB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010SSL<\/jats:styled-content> delivering system has prolonged circulation in blood, be able to target aHSC<\/jats:styled-content>s specifically, and alleviate fibrosis both in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo. It presents promising prospect in the therapy of liver fibrosis, and it is worthwhile for us to develop it for clinical use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,28]],"date-time":"2018-12-28T03:25:07Z","timestamp":1545967507000},"page":"1951-1962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Chemically modified liposomes carrying TRAIL<\/scp> target activated hepatic stellate cells and ameliorate hepatic fibrosis in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3607-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinghua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University Shanghai 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