{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T09:12:57Z","timestamp":1770541977549,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,29]],"date-time":"2019-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015 J01370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015 J01370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF \u03b21) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in human atrial fibroblasts, and to explore the relationship of these factors in atrial fibrosis and atrial anatomical remodelling (AAR) of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fresh right auricular appendix tissue of 20 patients with rheumatic heart disease undergoing valve replacement surgery was collected during surgeries, 10 patients had sinus rhythm(SR), and 10 patients had chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF). Atrial fibroblasts were then cultured from the tissues with differential attachment technique and treated with either TGF\u03b21 (10\u00a0ng\/mL) or HGF (100\u00a0ng\/mL). CTGF mRNA levels were measured by RT\u2010PCR, and CTGF protein content was determined using immunofluorescence and Western blotting assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CAF group had higher left atrial diameters (LADs) and higher CTGF mRNA expression in atrial fibroblasts compared with SR group. The CTGF protein content in CAF group was higher than that of SR group and positively correlated with LAD and AF duration. After CAF group was treated with TGF\u03b21, CTGF mRNA and protein expression were significantly down\u2010regulated, whereas when treated with HGF, expression was up\u2010regulated compared with SR group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased CTGF expression was associated with enlarged LAD, atrial fibrosis and AAR in patients with AF. TGF\u03b21 and HGF regulate CTGF expression in human atrial fibroblasts with up\u2010regulation of mRNA and down\u2010regulation of protein, therefore, either promote or inhibit atrial fibrosis, which could be related to the incidence and persistence of AF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T05:00:11Z","timestamp":1548824411000},"page":"3032-3039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["TGF\u03b21 and HGF regulate CTGF expression in human atrial fibroblasts and are involved in atrial remodelling in patients with rheumatic heart disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jian\u2010Quan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Provincial Clinical Medicine College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou PR China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology Fujian Provincial Hospital 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