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Nicotinamide (NAM), a member of water\u2010soluble vitamin B family, was recently suggested to have a therapeutic potential for acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice and humans. The effect of NAM on chronic kidney pathologies, including renal fibrosis, is unknown. Here we have tested the effects of NAM on renal interstitial fibrosis using in vivo and in vitro models. In vivo, unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO) induced renal interstitial fibrosis as indicated Masson trichrome staining and expression of pro\u2010fibrotic proteins, which was inhibited by NAM. In UUO, NAM suppressed tubular atrophy and apoptosis. In addition, NAM suppressed UUO\u2010associated T cell and macrophage infiltration and induction of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b2. In cultured mouse proximal tubule cells, NAM blocked TGF\u2013\u03b2\u2010induced expression of fibrotic proteins, while it marginally suppressed the morphological changes induced by TGF\u2010\u03b2. NAM also suppressed the expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (eg MCP\u20101 and IL\u20101\u03b2) during TGF\u2010\u03b2 treatment of these cells. Collectively, the results demonstrate an anti\u2010fibrotic effect of NAM in kidneys, which may involve the suppression of tubular injury and inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T04:15:33Z","timestamp":1555474533000},"page":"3995-4004","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Nicotinamide reduces renal interstitial fibrosis by suppressing tubular injury and inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Meiling","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification of Hunan Province Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences Central South University Changsha 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