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A number of studies have shown that TGF\u03b23 significantly attenuated tissue\u00a0fibrosis. However, the mechanism involved in this effect is poorly understood. In this study we found that the expression level of TGF\u03b23 was higher in human myocardial infarction (MI) tissues than in normal tissues, and interestingly, it increased with the development of fibrosis post\u2010myocardial infarction (post\u2010MI). In vitro, human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were incubated with angiotensin II (Ang II) to mimic the ischaemic myocardium microenvironment and used to investigate the anti\u2010fibrotic mechanism of TGF\u03b23. Then, fibrosis\u2010related proteins were detected by Western blot. It was revealed that TGF\u03b23 up\u2010regulation attenuated the proliferation, migration of human CFs and the expression of collagens, which are the main contributors to fibrosis, promoted the phenotype shift and the cross\u2010linking of collagens. Importantly, the expression of collagens was higher in the si\u2010smad7 groups than in the control groups, while silencing smad7 increased the phosphorylation level of the TGF\u03b2\/smad signalling pathway. Collectively, these results indicated that TGF\u03b23 inhibited fibrosis via the TGF\u03b2\/smad signalling pathway, possibly attributable to the regulation of smad7, and that TGF\u03b23 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for myocardial fibrosis post\u2010MI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,15]],"date-time":"2019-04-15T05:36:16Z","timestamp":1555306576000},"page":"4229-4243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The role and mechanism of transforming growth factor beta 3 in human myocardial infarction\u2010induced myocardial fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ke","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences Dalian Medical University Dalian 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