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The microglia\u2010mediated inflammatory response plays a crucial role in the complicated pathologies that lead to ischaemic brain injury. However, whether FD is involved in the activation of microglia and the neuroinflammation after experimental stroke and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess whether FD modulates the Notch1\/nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB) pathway and enhances microglial immune response in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion\u2010reperfusion (MCAO) model and oxygen\u2010glucose deprivation (OGD)\u2010treated BV\u20102 cells. Our results exhibited that FD worsened neuronal cell death and exaggerated microglia activation in the hippocampal CA1, CA3 and Dentate gyrus (DG) subregions after cerebral ischaemia\/reperfusion. The hippocampal CA1 region was more sensitive to ischaemic injury and FD treatment. The protein expressions of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, interleukin\u20101\u03b2 and interleukin\u20106 were also augmented by FD treatment in microglial cells of the post\u2010ischaemic hippocampus and in vitro OGD\u2010stressed microglia model. Moreover, FD not only dramatically enhanced the protein expression levels of Notch1 and NF\u2010\u03baB p65 but also promoted the phosphorylation of pIkB\u03b1 and the nuclear translocation of NF\u2010\u03baB p65. Blocking of Notch1 with N\u2010[N\u2010(3, 5\u2010difluorophenacetyl)\u2010l\u2010alanyl]\u2010S\u2010phenylglycine t\u2010butyl ester partly attenuated the nuclear translocation of NF\u2010\u03baB p65 and the protein expression of neuroinflammatory cytokines in FD\u2010treated hypoxic BV\u20102 microglia. These results suggested that Notch1\/NF\u2010\u03baB p65 pathway\u2010mediated microglial immune response may be a molecular mechanism underlying cerebral ischaemia\u2010reperfusion injury worsened by FD treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T05:59:28Z","timestamp":1557813568000},"page":"4795-4807","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Folic acid deficiency enhanced microglial immune response via the Notch1\/nuclear factor kappa B p65 pathway in hippocampus following rat brain I\/R injury and BV2 cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Man","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health Tianjin Medical University Tianjin China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment Nutrition and Public Health Tianjin 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