{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:03:25Z","timestamp":1787162605838,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Women with pre\u2010gestational diabetes have a higher risk of producing children with congenital heart defects (CHDs), caused predominantly by hyperglycemia\u2010induced oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluated if exercise during pregnancy could mitigate oxidative stress and reduce the incidence of CHDs in the offspring of diabetic mice. Female mice were treated with streptozotocin to induce pre\u2010gestational diabetes, then mated with healthy males to produce offspring. They were also given access to running wheels 1\u00a0week before mating and allowed to exercise voluntarily until E18.5. Heart morphology, gene expression, and oxidative stress were assessed in foetal hearts. Maternal voluntary exercise results in a significantly lower incidence of CHDs from 59.5% to 25%. Additionally, diabetes\u2010induced defects in coronary artery and capillary morphogenesis were also lower with exercise. Myocardial cell proliferation and epithelial\u2010mesenchymal transition at E12.5 was significantly lower with pre\u2010gestational diabetes which was mitigated with maternal exercise. Cardiac gene expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Notch1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Snail1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Gata4<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Cyclin<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:italic>D1<\/jats:italic>\n                    was significantly higher in the embryos of diabetic mice that exercised compared to the non\u2010exercised group. Furthermore, maternal exercise produced lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in the foetal heart. In conclusion, maternal exercise mitigates ROS and oxidative damage in the foetal heart, and results in a lower incidence of CHDs in the offspring of pre\u2010gestational diabetes. Exercise may be an effective intervention to compliment clinical management and further minimize CHD risk in mothers with diabetes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T08:34:47Z","timestamp":1560846887000},"page":"5553-5565","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Maternal voluntary exercise mitigates oxidative stress and incidence of congenital heart defects in pre\u2010gestational diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Tana","family":"Saiyin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario, Children's Health Research Institute London ON 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