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The present study was conducted to investigate whether miR\u201020a\u20105p had such regulatory functions on alveolar type II (AT\u2010II) cells. To accomplish this, miR\u201020a\u20105p\u2013overexpressed and miR\u201020a\u20105p\u2013inhibited adenoviral vectors were constructed and transfected into cultured AT\u2010II cells that were isolated from rat foetal lungs of 19\u00a0days' gestation. Transfection efficiency was confirmed by observing the fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP) carried by the viral vector, whereas miR\u201020a\u20105p levels were verified by real\u2010time PCR. The CCK\u20108 assay was used to compare the proliferation ability of AT\u2010II cells that had over\u2010 or underexpressed miR\u201020a\u20105p. The expression of surfactant\u2010associated proteins (SPs) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was measured by real\u2010time PCR and Western blotting. In AT\u2010II cells, transfection resulted in over\u2010 or under\u2010regulation of miR\u201020a\u20105p. While overexpression of miR\u201020a\u20105p promoted pulmonary surfactant gene expression, its underexpression inhibited it. Consistent with its role in negatively regulating the pulmonary surfactant gene, an opposite pattern was observed for miR\u201020a\u20105p regulation of PTEN. As a result, when miR\u201020a\u20105p was rendered overexpressed, PTEN was down\u2010regulated. By contrast, when miR\u201020a\u20105p was underexpressed, PTEN was up\u2010regulated. Neither overexpression nor underexpression of miR\u201020a\u20105p altered the cell proliferation. miR\u201020a\u20105p plays no role in proliferation of foetal AT\u2010II cells but is a critical regulator of surfactant gene expression. The latter appears to be achieved through a regulatory process that implicates expression of PTEN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14639","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T11:10:38Z","timestamp":1567768238000},"page":"7664-7672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["miR\u201020a\u20105p regulates pulmonary surfactant gene expression in alveolar type II cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yongjian","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Medical Center Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang City Zhangjiagang City 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