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MCTR1 is an endogenously pro\u2010resolution lipid mediator. We tested the hypothesis that MCTR1 accelerates inflammation resolution through resident M2 alveolar macrophage polarization. The mice received MCTR1 via intraperitoneal administration 3\u00a0days after LPS stimulation, and then, the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected 24\u00a0hours later to measure the neutrophil numbers. Flow cytometry was used to sort the resident and recruited macrophages. Post\u2010treatment with MCTR1 offered dramatic benefits in the resolution phase of LPS\u2010induced lung injury, including decreased neutrophil numbers, reduced BAL fluid protein and albumin concentrations and reduced histological injury. In addition, the expression of the M2 markers Arg1, FIZZ1, Reml\u03b1, CD206 and Dectin\u20101 was increased on resident macrophages in the LPS\u00a0+\u00a0MCTR1 group. Resident macrophage depletion abrogated the therapeutic effects of MCTR1, and reinjection of the sorted resident\u00a0macrophages into the lung decreased neutrophil numbers. Finally, treatment with MCTR1 increased STAT6 phosphorylation. The STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 abolished the beneficial effects of MCTR1. In conclusion, MCTR1 promotes resident M2 alveolar macrophage polarization via the STAT6 pathway to accelerate resolution of LPS\u2010induced lung injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]],"date-time":"2020-08-05T20:53:16Z","timestamp":1596660796000},"page":"9646-9657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["MCTR1 enhances the resolution of lipopolysaccharide\u2010induced lung injury through STAT6\u2010mediated resident M2 alveolar macrophage polarization in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7814-2581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children\u2019s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Zhejiang 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