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Here, we show that stretch and tachycardia directly induced hypertrophy of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and also of non\u2010myocytes. Both triggers induced similar patterns of hypertrophy but had largely distinct gene expression profiles. <jats:italic>ACTA1<\/jats:italic> served as good hypertrophy marker upon stretch, while <jats:italic>RCAN1<\/jats:italic> was found increased in response to tachycardia in a rate\u2010dependent fashion. Mechanistically, several calcium\u2010handling proteins, including the sodium\u2010calcium exchanger (NCX), contributed to ETC. Phosphorylation of the calcium\/calmodulin\u2010dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was elevated and occurred downstream of NCX activation upon tachycardia, but not stretch. Microarray profiling revealed that stretch and tachycardia regulated around 33% and 20% genes in a NCX\u2010dependent manner, respectively. In conclusion, our data show that hypertrophy induction by stretch and tachycardia is associated with different gene expression profiles with a significant contribution of the NCX.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,23]],"date-time":"2020-06-23T05:49:28Z","timestamp":1592891368000},"page":"8732-8743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The role of stretch, tachycardia and sodium\u2010calcium exchanger in induction of early cardiac remodelling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Natasa","family":"Djalinac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Medical University of Graz Graz Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Senka","family":"Ljubojevic\u2010Holzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Medical University of Graz Graz 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