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Epithelial\u2010mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RPE cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PVR. In the current study, we sought to investigate the role of the methyl\u2010CpG\u2010binding protein 2 (MeCP2), especially P\u2010MeCP2\u2010421 in the pathogenesis of PVR. The expressions of P\u2010MeCP2\u2010421, P\u2010MeCP2\u201080, PPAR\u2010\u03b3 and the double labelling of P\u2010MeCP2\u2010421 with \u03b1\u2010SMA, cytokeratin, TGF\u2010\u03b2 and PPAR\u2010\u03b3 in human PVR membranes were analysed by immunohistochemistry. The effect of knocking down MeCP2 using siRNA on the expressions of \u03b1\u2010SMA, phospho\u2010Smad2\/3, collagen I, fibronectin and PPAR\u2010\u03b3; the expression of \u03b1\u2010SMA stimulated by recombinant MeCP2 in ARPE\u201019; and the effect of TGF\u2010\u03b2 and 5\u2010AZA treatment on PPAR\u2010\u03b3 expression were analysed by Western blot. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to determine the binding of MeCP2 to TGF\u2010\u03b2. Our results showed that P\u2010MeCP2\u2010421 was highly expressed in PVR membranes and was double labelled with \u03b1\u2010SMA, cytokeratin and TGF\u2010\u03b2, knocking down MeCP2 inhibited the activation of Smad2\/3 and the expression of collagen I and fibronectin induced by TGF\u2010\u03b2. TGF\u2010\u03b2 inhibited the expression of PPAR\u2010\u03b3, silence of MeCP2 by siRNA or using MeCP2 inhibitor (5\u2010AZA) increased the expression of PPAR\u2010\u03b3. \u03b1\u2010SMA was up\u2010regulated by the treatment of recombinant MeCP2. Importantly, we found that MeCP2 bound to TGF\u2010\u03b2 as demonstrated by Chip assay. The results suggest that MeCP2 especially P\u2010MeCP2\u2010421 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of PVR and targeting MeCP2 may be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of PVR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15602","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,8]],"date-time":"2020-07-08T03:29:17Z","timestamp":1594178957000},"page":"9420-9427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["MeCP2\u2010421\u2010mediated RPE epithelial\u2010mesenchymal transition and its relevance to the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5183-8055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Provincial People's Hospital Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Henan Eye Hospital Henan Eye Institute Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and 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