{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:54:21Z","timestamp":1773035661222,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008425","name":"Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ED431B 2016\/022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ED431B 2016\/022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008425","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI16\/01282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI16\/01282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The modulation of acetylcholine (ACh) release by botulinum toxin injection into epicardial fat diminishes atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence. These results suggest an interaction between autonomic imbalance and epicardial fat as risk factors of AF. Our aim was to study the inflammatory, lipidic and fibroblastic profile of epicardial stroma from patients who underwent open\u2010heart surgery, their regulation by cholinergic activity and its association with AF. We performed in vitro and ex vivo assays from paired subcutaneous and epicardial stromal cells or explants from 33 patients. Acute ACh effects in inflammation and lipid\u2010related genes were analysed by qPCR, in intracellular calcium mobilization were performed by Fluo\u20104 AM staining and in neutrophil migration by trans\u2010well assays. Chronic ACh effects on lipid accumulation were visualized by AdipoRed. Plasma protein regulation by parasympathetic denervation was studied in vagotomized rats. Our results showed a higher pro\u2010inflammatory profile in epicardial regarding subcutaneous stromal cells. Acute ACh treatment up\u2010regulated monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 levels. Chronic ACh treatment improved lipid accumulation within epicardial stromal cells (60.50% [22.82\u201085.13] vs 13.85% [6.17\u201023.16], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Additionally, patients with AF had higher levels of fatty acid\u2010binding protein 4 (1.54\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.01 vs 1.47\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.01, <jats:italic>P\u00a0=\u00a0<\/jats:italic>.005). Its plasma levels were pronouncedly declined in vagotomized rats (2.02\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.21\u00a0ng\/mL vs 0.65\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.23\u00a0ng\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001). Our findings support the characterization of acute or chronic cholinergic activity on epicardial stroma and its association with AF.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,7]],"date-time":"2020-08-07T23:45:03Z","timestamp":1596843903000},"page":"10958-10969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Inflammatory and lipid regulation by cholinergic activity in epicardial stromal cells from patients who underwent open\u2010heart surgery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marinela","family":"Couselo\u2010Seijas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Cardiology group Health Research Institute Santiago de Compostela Spain"},{"name":"University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela 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