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A surgically induced male rat PBOO model and human obstructed bladder tissues were used. Histological changes were examined by H&amp;E and Masson's trichrome staining. Bladder strip contractility was measured via organ bath. The expressions of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, PDE5, muscarinic cholinergic receptor (CHRM) isoforms and PDE4 isoforms in bladder were detected by RT\u2010PCR and Western blotting. The immunolocalization of the PDE5 protein and its functional activity were also determined. PBOO bladder tissue exhibited significant SM hypertrophy and elevated responsiveness to KCl depolarization and the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol. NOS isoforms, PDE5, CHRM2, CHRM3 and PDE4A were up\u2010regulated in obstructed bladder tissue, whereas no change in PDE4B and PDE4D isoform expression was observed. With regard to PDE5, it was expressed in the SM bundles of bladder. Interestingly, obstructed bladder exhibited less relaxation responsiveness to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), but an exaggerated PDE5 inhibition effect. The up\u2010regulation of PDE5 could contribute to the lack of effect on Q<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> for benign prostatic hyperplasia\/lower urinary tract symptom (BPH\/LUTS) patients treated with PDE5 inhibitors. Moreover, PDE5 (with presence of NO) and PDE4 may serve as new therapeutic targets for bladder diseases such as BPH\u2010induced LUTS and overactive bladder (OAB).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]],"date-time":"2020-10-03T09:41:19Z","timestamp":1601718079000},"page":"13181-13195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Changes in the expression and function of the PDE5 pathway in the obstructed urinary bladder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4366-8321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weixiang","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daoquan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhou","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaofeng","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daxing","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"DiSanto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences Cooper Medical School of Rowan University Camden NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0267-428X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.03.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22609"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.01.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Tikkinen. 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