{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:49:37Z","timestamp":1761709777420,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent studies have demonstrated a marked decrease in peripheral lymphocyte levels in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102). Few studies have focused on the changes of NK, T\u2010 and B\u2010cell subsets, inflammatory cytokines and virus\u2010specific antibodies in patients with moderate COVID\u201019. A total of 11 RT\u2010PCR\u2010confirmed convalescent patients with COVID\u201019 and 11 patients with non\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 pneumonia (control patients) were enrolled in this study. NK, CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T, CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T, Tfh\u2010like and B\u2010cell subsets were analysed using flow cytometry. Cytokines and SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific antibodies were analysed using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. NK cell counts were significantly higher in patients with COVID\u201019 than in control patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.017). Effector memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell counts significantly increased in patients with COVID\u201019 during a convalescent period of 1\u00a0week (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.041). TIM\u20103<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tfh\u2010like cell and CD226<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tfh\u2010like cell counts significantly increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027) and decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.022), respectively, during the same period. Moreover, ICOS<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> Tfh\u2010like cell counts tended to decrease (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.074). No abnormal increase in cytokine levels was observed. The high expression of NK cells is important in innate immune response against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. The increase in effector memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell counts, the up\u2010regulation of inhibitory molecules and the down\u2010regulation of active molecules on CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells and Tfh\u2010like cells in patients with COVID\u201019 would benefit the maintenance of balanced cellular and humoural immune responses, may prevent the development of severe cases and contribute to the recovery of patients with COVID\u201019.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T09:35:03Z","timestamp":1604482503000},"page":"14270-14279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Dynamics of NK, CD8 and Tfh cell mediated the production of cytokines and antiviral antibodies in Chinese patients with moderate 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