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Maintaining a balance between T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for the control of the immunopathogenesis of liver diseases. Here, by using the mouse model of helminth <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>japonicum<\/jats:italic>) infection, we show that the hepatic mRNA levels of P21\u2010activated kinase 1 (PAK1), a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, adhesion and cell motility, are significantly increased and associated with the development of liver pathology during <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic> <jats:italic>japonicum<\/jats:italic> infection. In addition, PAK1\u2010deficient mice are prone to suppression of Th17 cell responses but increased Treg cells. Furthermore, PAK1 enhances macrophage activation through promoting IRF1 nuclear translocation in an NF\u2010\u03baB\u2010dependent pathway, resulting in promoting Th17 cell differentiation through inducing IL\u20106 production. These findings highlight the importance of PAK1 in macrophages fate determination and suggest that PAK1\/IRF1 axis\u2010dependent immunomodulation can ameliorate certain T cell\u2013based immune pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T08:31:59Z","timestamp":1604046719000},"page":"14325-14338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["P21 activated kinase\u20101 (PAK1) in macrophages is required for promotion of Th17 cell response during helminth infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai\u2010Yue","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology 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