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Our previous study found that miR\u2010363\u20105p expression was significantly upregulated in peripheral Treg cells of GD patients. Herein, we aimed to investigate its effect and mechanism on Treg cell dysfunction in GD patients. The results showed that miR\u2010363\u20105p upregulation was significantly associated with the Treg cell dysfunction and inflammatory factors levels in GD patients. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that 883\u00a0genes were significantly regulated by miR\u2010363\u20105p in Treg cells. These genes with significant differential expression were primarily involved in lymphocyte differentiation, immunity, as well as Notch1 and various interleukin signalling pathways. Moreover, miR\u2010363\u20105p can regulate HSPB1 and Notch1 through the target gene STAT4, thereby regulating Notch1\u00a0signalling pathway and inhibiting Treg cells. The effects of miR\u2010363\u20105p on Treg cell function and STAT4\u2010HSPB1\u2010Notch1 axis were also verified in GD patients. In conclusion, our results indicated that miR\u2010363 could inhibit the proliferation, differentiation and function of Treg cells by regulating the STAT4\u2010HSPB1\u2010Notch1 axis through target gene STAT4. MiR\u2010363\u20105p may play an important role in Treg cell dysfunction and immune tolerance abnormalities in GD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T08:16:38Z","timestamp":1629879398000},"page":"9364-9377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["MiR\u2010363\u20105p modulates regulatory T cells through STAT4\u2010HSPB1\u2010Notch1 axis and is associated with the immunological abnormality in Graves' disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6465-5581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianlun","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province 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