{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:44:41Z","timestamp":1771634681813,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81800210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81800210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Cellular Molecular Medi"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) can cause acute lung injury (ALI), and its pathogenesis mimics ischaemia\/reperfusion (I\/R) injury. Autophagy is also involved in lung I\/R injury. The present study aimed to elucidate whether DHCA induces natural autophagy activation and its role in DHCA\u2010mediated lung injury. Here, rats were randomly assigned to the Sham or DHCA group. The sham group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5) only received anaesthesia and air intubation. DHCA group rats underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) followed by the DHCA procedure. The rats were then sacrificed at 3, 6 and 24\u00a0h after the DHCA procedure (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 5) to measure lung injury and autophagy activity. Chloroquine (CQ) was delivered to evaluate autophagic flux. DHCA caused lung injury, which was prominent 3\u20136\u00a0h after DHCA, as confirmed by histological examination and inflammatory cytokine quantification. Lung injury subsided at 24\u00a0h. Autophagy was suppressed 3\u00a0h but was exaggerated at 6\u00a0h. At both time points, autophagic flux appeared uninterrupted. To further assess the role of autophagy in DHCA\u2010mediated lung injury, the autophagy inducer rapamycin and its inhibitor 3\u2010methyladenine (3\u2010MA) were applied, and lung injury was reassessed. When rapamycin was administered at an early time point, lung injury worsened, whereas administration of 3\u2010MA at a late time point ameliorated lung injury, indicating that autophagy contributed to lung injury after DHCA. Our study presents a time course of lung injury following DHCA. Autophagy showed adaptive yet protective suppression 3\u00a0h after DHCA, as induction of autophagy caused worsening of lung tissue. In contrast, autophagy was exaggerated 6\u00a0h after DHCA, and autophagy inhibition attenuated DHCA\u2010mediated lung injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,11]],"date-time":"2022-01-11T09:51:54Z","timestamp":1641894714000},"page":"1113-1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The dynamic changes in autophagy activity and its role in lung injury after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Minjian","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 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