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The toll\u2010like receptor 4 (TLR4)\/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)\/nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010kB) axis within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), a cardiac\u2010neural sympathetic nerve centre, plays an important role in causing VAs. An MI rat model and a PVN\u2010TLR4\u00a0knockdown model were constructed. The levels of protein were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and localizations were visualized by multiple immunofluorescence staining. Central and peripheral sympathetic activation was visualized by immunohistochemistry for c\u2010fos protein, renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) measurement, heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and norepinephrine (NE) level detection in serum and myocardial tissue measured by ELISA. The arrhythmia scores were measured by programmed electrical stimulation (PES), and cardiac function was detected by the pressure\u2013volume loop (P\u2010V loop). The levels of TLR4 and MyD88 and the nuclear translocation of NF\u2010kB within the PVN were increased after MI, while sympathetic activation and arrhythmia scores were increased and cardiac function was decreased. However, inhibition of TLR4\u00a0significantly reversed these conditions. PVN\u2010mediated sympathetic activation via the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010kB axis ultimately leads to the development of VAs after MI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T09:32:06Z","timestamp":1649410326000},"page":"2959-2971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effect of TLR4\/MyD88\/NF\u2010kB axis in paraventricular nucleus on ventricular arrhythmias induced by sympathetic hyperexcitation in post\u2010myocardial infarction rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University  Jinan Shandong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuling","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adicon Clinical Laboratories.Inc. 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