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Exosomes are abundant in breast milk, but the function of HBM\u2010derived exosomes (HBM\u2010Exo) in BPD is still unclear. This study was to investigate the role and mechanism of HBM\u2010Exo in BPD. Overall lung tissue photography and H&amp;E staining showed that HBM\u2010Exo improved the lung tissue structure collapse, alveolar structure disorder, alveolar septum width, alveolar number reduction and other injuries caused by high oxygen exposure. Immunohistochemical results showed that HBM\u2010Exo improved the inhibition of cell proliferation and increased apoptosis caused by hyperoxia. qPCR and Western blot results also showed that HBM\u2010Exo improved the expression of Type II alveolar epithelium (AT II) surface marker SPC. In vivo study, CCK8 and flow cytometry showed that HBM\u2010Exo improved the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of AT II cells induced by hyperoxia, qPCR and immunofluorescence also showed that HBM\u2010Exo improved the down\u2010regulation of SPC. Further RNA\u2010Seq results in AT II cells showed that a total of 88 genes were significantly different between the hyperoxia and HBM\u2010Exo with hyperoxia groups, including 24 up\u2010regulated genes and 64 down\u2010regulated genes. KEGG pathway analysis showed the enrichment of IL\u201017 signalling pathway was the most significant. Further rescue experiments showed that HBM\u2010Exo improved AT II cell damage induced by hyperoxia through inhibiting downstream of IL\u201017 signalling pathway (FADD), which may be an important mechanism of HBM\u2010Exo in the prevention and treatment of BPD. This study may provide new approach in the treatment of BPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T03:15:03Z","timestamp":1657768503000},"page":"4169-4182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Human breast milk\u2010derived exosomes through inhibiting AT II cell apoptosis to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rat lung"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5445-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahui","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Women\u2019s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology Wuxi Children\u2019s Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University  Wuxi 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