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Kallistatin (KS) is an endogenous anti\u2010inflammatory and anti\u2010angiogenic factor that participates in a variety of diseases, but its role in OHSS remains unknown. In this study, treating a human ovarian granulosa\u2010like tumour cell line KGN and human primary granulosa cells (PGCs) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) reduced the expression of KS, but increased the expression of VEGF. Furthermore, we found that KS could attenuate the protein level of VEGF in both KGN cells and human PGCs. More interestingly, we observed that exogenous supplementation of KS significantly inhibited a series of signs of OHSS in mice, including weight gain, ovarian enlargement, increased vascular permeability and up\u2010regulation of VEGF expression. In addition, KS was proved to be safe on mice ovulation, progression of normal pregnancy and fetus development. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that KS treatment prevented OHSS, at least partially, through down\u2010regulating VEGF expression. For the first time, these results highlight the potential preventive value of KS in OHSS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T06:32:18Z","timestamp":1658471538000},"page":"4613-4623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Kallistatin prevents ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome by regulating vascular leakage"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jianfang","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine Ganzhou People's Hospital  Ganzhou Jiangxi 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