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The detection of EC cells in the vagina by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) after a smear test could reduce invasive procedures in the future. Using array\u2010based comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) on 65 endometrial carcinomas, most frequently imbalanced regions of the tumour genome were identified. Bacterial artificial chromosomes were used to generate FISH\u2010probes homologue to these human regions. The FISH test was hybridized on swabs specimens collected from the vaginal cavity. Samples from six patients without EC were selected as a negative control and on 13 patients with known EC as a positive control. To distinguish between benign and EC cases, the cut\u2010off value has been defined. A first validation of this EC\u2010FISH Test was performed with swabs from 41 patients with suspected EC. The most common genomic imbalances in EC are around the <jats:italic>CTNNB1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>FBXW7<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>APC<\/jats:italic> genes. The cut\u2010off is defined at 32% of analysed cells without diploid signal pattern. This differs significantly between the positive and negative controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In a first validation cohort of 41 patients with suspected EC, the EC\u2010FISH Test distinguishes patients with and without EC with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 83%. The negative predictive value is 96%. This is the first report of a non\u2010invasive EC\u2010FISH Test to predict EC in women with suspected EC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T08:11:35Z","timestamp":1673338295000},"page":"379-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fluorescence in situ hybridization test for detection of endometrial carcinoma cells by non\u2010invasive vaginal swab"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4528-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Weimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig\u2010Holstein Campus Kiel  Kiel 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