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Since OSAS\u2010derived IH may lead to cognitive impairment through not fully cleared mechanisms, herein we developed a new in vitro model mimicking IH conditions to shed light on its molecular effects on microglial cells, with particular attention to the inflammatory response. The in vitro model was set\u2010up and validated by measuring the hypoxic state, HIF\u20101\u03b1 levels, oxidative stress by ROS production and mitochondrial activity by MTS assay. Then, the mRNA and protein levels of certain inflammatory markers (NF\u2010\u03baB and interleukin 6 (IL\u20106)) after different IH treatment protocols were investigated. The IH treatments followed by a normoxic period were not able to produce a high inflammatory state in human microglial cells. Nevertheless, microglia appeared to be in a state characterized by increased expression of NF\u2010\u03baB and markers related to a primed phenotype. The microglia exposed to IH cycles and stimulated with exogenous IL\u20101\u03b2 resulted in an exaggerated inflammatory response with increased NF\u2010\u03baB and IL\u20106 expression, suggesting a role for primed microglia in OSAS\u2010driven neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T06:52:42Z","timestamp":1677221562000},"page":"819-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Intermittent hypoxia treatments cause cellular priming in human microglia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Martina","family":"De\u00a0Felice","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Pisa  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Germelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy 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